An adaptive location management strategy for mobile IP
MobiCom '95 Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Movement-based location update and selective paging for PCS networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Local anchor scheme for reducing signaling costs in personal communications networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Per-user profile replication in mobile environments: algorithms, analysis, and simulation results
Mobile Networks and Applications
The GSM System for Mobile Communications
The GSM System for Mobile Communications
A forwarding strategy to reduce network impacts of PCS
INFOCOM '95 Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communication Societies (Vol. 2)-Volume - Volume 2
An efficient location and routing scheme for mobile computing environments
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Location management for next-generation personal communications networks
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
A User Pattern Learning Strategy for Managing Users' Mobility in UMTS Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
A Fault-Tolerant Scheme for Mobility Management in PCS Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Group Registration with Local Anchor for Location Tracking in Mobile Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
A pointer forwarding scheme with mobility-aware binding update in Mobile IPv6 networks
Computer Communications
Location management scheme with WLAN positioning algorithm for integrated wireless networks
Computer Communications
Hybrid Scheme with Adaptive Replication and Mobility Anchoring Point (MAP) in Wireless Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
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A location management scheme in wireless networks must effectively handle both user location update and search operations. Replication and forwarding are two well-known techniques to reduce user search and update costs, respectively, with replication being most effective when the call to mobility ratio (CMR) of the user is high, while forwarding is most effective when the CMR value is low. Thus, based on the user's CMR, the system can adopt a CMR threshold-based scheme such that if the user's CMR is lower than a threshold, then the system applies the forwarding scheme; otherwise, it applies the replication scheme. Applying different location management schemes based on per-user CMR values introduces undesirable high complexity in managing and maintaining location-related information stored in the system as different system support mechanisms must be applied to different users. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze a hybrid replication with forwarding scheme that can be uniformly applied to all users. The most striking feature of the hybrid scheme is that it can determine and apply the optimal number of replicas and forwarding chain length on a per-user basis to minimize the communication cost due to location management operations while still being able to use the same data structure and algorithm to execute location management operations in a uniform way for all users. We develop a stochastic Petri net model to help gather this information and show how the information obtained statically can be used efficiently by the system at runtime to determine the optimal number of replicas and forwarding chain length when given a user's profile. We show that the proposed hybrid scheme outperforms both pure replication and forwarding schemes, as well as the CMR threshold-based scheme under all CMR values.