On blind signatures and perfect crimes
Computers and Security
Untraceable off-line cash in wallet with observers
CRYPTO '93 Proceedings of the 13th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
Revokable and versatile electronic money (extended abstract)
CCS '96 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on Computer and communications security
An efficient fair payment system
CCS '96 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Trustee-based tracing extensions to anonymous cash and the making of anonymous change
Proceedings of the sixth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Digital Payment Systems with Passive Anonymity-Revoking Trustees
ESORICS '96 Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security: Computer Security
CRYPTO '88 Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
"Indirect Discourse Proof": Achieving Efficient Fair Off-Line E-cash
ASIACRYPT '96 Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
Anonymity Control in E-Cash Systems
FC '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Financial Cryptography
FC '00 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Financial Cryptography
EUROCRYPT'95 Proceedings of the 14th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
ID-based fair off-line electronic cash system with multiple banks
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
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In order to decrease crimes such as money laundering, blackmailing etc. in electronic cash systems, fair electronic cash has been a major focus of academic research in electronic commence. When a bank finds some dubious cash or owner, the trusted entity or trustee can help him to revoke the anonymity of the cash. In the previous protocols, the trustee knows all the information of the cash whether he is trusted or not, that is, he can trace the user or cash unconditionally. Furthermore, the dishonest trustee may deceive a user, which means that he may withdraw cash while tracing other users. Such cases are unfair to the honest users.A new fair electronic cash protocol based on untrustworthy trustees is proposed in this paper. The key idea is that the coin structure should include the signatures of both the trustee and the bank so that the trustee shares the information of the cash with the bank, while we do not use the secret sharing scheme. In contrast with the previous protocols, neither the trustee nor the bank can trace the money without the help of the other entity. In this way, the privacy of the user is protected furthest. Also, the trustee is off-line in the protocol, which means that he will not be involved in withdrawing the cash. Therefore, the protocol is efficient for implementation.