Non-P-recursiveness of numbers of matchings or linear chord diagrams with many crossings

  • Authors:
  • Martin Klazar

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Applied Mathematics (KAM) and Institute for Theoretical Computer Science (ITI), Charles University, Malostranské Námestí 25, 118 00 Praha, Czech Republic

  • Venue:
  • Advances in Applied Mathematics - Special issue on: Formal power series and algebraic combinatorics in memory of Rodica Simion, 1955-2000
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

The number conn counts matchings X on {1, 2, ....., 2n}, which are partitions into n two-element blocks, such that the crossing graph of X is connected. Similarly, cron counts matchings whose crossing graph has no isolated vertex. (If it has no edge, Catalan numbers arise.) We apply generating functions techniques and prove, using a more generally applicable criterion, that the sequences (conn) and (cron) are not P-recursive. On the other hand, we show that the residues of conn and cron modulo any fixed power of 2 can be determined P-recursively. We consider also the numbers scon of symmetric connected matchings. Unfortunately, their generating function satisfies a complicated differential equation which we cannot handle.