Synchronizing clocks in the presence of faults
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Communications of the ACM
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
The Timed Asynchronous Distributed System Model
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Distributed Operating Systems: Concepts and Design
Distributed Operating Systems: Concepts and Design
Timing Constraint Remapping to Avoid Time Discontinuities in Distributed Real-Time Systems
RTAS '99 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium
Continuous Clock Synchronization in Wireless Real-Time Applications
SRDS '00 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
Uniform Timing of Multi-cast Service
ICDCS '99 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Practical uses of synchronized clocks in distributed systems
Distributed Computing
Evaluting a clock synchronization for dependable sensor networks
IPDPS'06 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Parallel and distributed processing
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This paper presents an innovative strategy to synchronize all virtual clocks in asynchronous Internet environments. Our model is based on the architecture of one reference clock and many slave clocks communicating with each other over the Internet. The paper makes three major contributions to this research area. Firstly, one-way information transmission is applied to reduce traffic overhead on the Internet for the purpose of clock synchronization. Secondly, the slave nodes use local virtual time and the arrival timestamp, from the reference node, to create linear mathematical trend models and to retrieve the clock precision differences between reference clock and slave clocks. Finally, a fault-tolerant and self-adaptive model executed by each slave node based on the above linear trend model is created in order to ensure that the virtual clock is running normally, even when the link between the reference node and this slave node has crashed. We also present detailed simulations of this strategy and mathematical analysis on real Internet environments.