Load-Balancing Clusters in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

  • Authors:
  • Alan D. Amis;Ravi Prakash

  • Affiliations:
  • -;-

  • Venue:
  • ASSET '00 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Symposium on Application-Specific Systems and Software Engineering Technology (ASSET'00)
  • Year:
  • 2000

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Abstract

Ad hoc networks consist of a set of identical nodes that move freely and independently and communicate with other node via wireless links. Such networks may be logically represented as a set of clusters by grouping together nodes that are in close proximity with one another. Clusterheads form a virtual backbone and may be used to route packets for nodes in their cluster. Nodes are assumed to have non-deterministic mobility pattern. Diffusing node identities along the wireless links forms clusters. Different heuristics employ different policies to elect clusterheads. Several of these policies are biased in favor of some nodes. As a result, these nodes shoulder greater responsibility and may deplete their energy faster, causing them to drop out of the network. Therefore, there is a need for load balancing among clusterheads to allow all nodes the opportunity to serve as a clusterhead. When the heuristic terminates, a node becomes either a clusterhead, a normal node, or a gateway node. Clusterheads maintain cluster databases for routing purposes. These databases must be transferred to newly elected clusterheads as they take over the role from previous clusterheads. This communication can be quite extensive and should be minimized where possible.To help reduce the amount of overhead associated with this database transferal, we propose a load-balancing heuristic to extend the life of a clusterhead to the maximum budget before allowing the clusterhead to retire and give way to another node. This helps to evenly distribute the responsibility of acting as clusterheads among all nodes. Thus, the heuristic insures fairness and stability. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed heuristic does provide longer clusterhead durations than with no load balancing.