Paraconsistent logic programming
Theoretical Computer Science
RI: A logic for reasoning with inconsistency
Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Symposium on Logic in computer science
The well-founded semantics for general logic programs
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Combining databases with prioritized information
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Reasoning in Inconsistent Knowledge Bases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Connecting databases with argumentation
INAP'01 Proceedings of the Applications of prolog 14th international conference on Web knowledge management and decision support
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We propose C4, a four-valued semantics for normal, logic programs. Using this semantics, we define two types of entailment: strong and weak. We show that a normal, logic program strongly entails a sentence under C4 if, and only if, the program entails that sentence under the well founded semantics and it weakly entails a sentence if, and only if, the program entails that sentence under the two-valued stable model semantics. We argue that this shows that the difference between the well founded semantics and the stable model semantics can be characterized in terms of their attitude to what we call contested information. We use this insight to propose a general theory of contested reasoning.