Some guidelines for non-repudiation protocols
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A Multi-party Optimistic Non-repudiation Protocol
ICISC '00 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information Security and Cryptology
An Optimistic Multi-party Fair Exchange Protocol with Reduced Trust Requirements
ICISC '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Seoul on Information Security and Cryptology
Exclusion-Freeness in Multi-party Exchange Protocols
ISC '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Security
A unified approach to a fair document exchange system
Journal of Systems and Software
ASIACCS '06 Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Symposium on Information, computer and communications security
Exclusions and related trust relationships in multi-party fair exchange protocols
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
Multiparty nonrepudiation: A survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A Fair Mobile Payment Protocol
APNOMS '08 Proceedings of the 11th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Network Operations and Management: Challenges for Next Generation Network Operations and Service Management
On fairness in exchange protocols
ICISC'02 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information security and cryptology
Replay attack in a fair exchange protocol
ACNS'08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Applied cryptography and network security
FC'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security
Gracefully degrading fair exchange with security modules
EDCC'05 Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Dependable Computing
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Recently developed cryptographic techniques [2, 4, 6, 14] make it possible to construct fair exchange protocols with an off-line trusted third party(TTP). The technique is referred to as a verifiable encryption scheme(VES) proves that a ciphertext is the result of the encryption of a specified value without revealing this value. In this paper we apply the technique to multi-party fair exchange (MPFE) protocols which leads to the trusted neutral party(TNP, it is not the third party in multi-party protocols) involved in the protocol to be off-line. Multi-party fair exchange has been studied in [1] and [11] where the TNP is on-line. For off-line TNP-based MPFE, the concern is different from that of on-line TNP MPFE. We give a definition of fairness of the MPFE with an off-line TNP. We then present our MPFE protocol and prove its fairness.