Quantum Oracle Interrogation: Getting All Information for Almost Half the Price

  • Authors:
  • Wim van Dam

  • Affiliations:
  • -

  • Venue:
  • FOCS '98 Proceedings of the 39th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 1998

Quantified Score

Hi-index 0.00

Visualization

Abstract

Consider a quantum computer in combination with a binary oracle of domain size N. It is shown how N/2+sqrt(N) calls to the oracle are sufficient to guess the whole content of the oracle (being an N bit string) with probability greater than 95%. This contrasts the power of classical computers which would require N calls to achieve the same task. From this result it follows that any function with the N bits of the oracle as input can be calculated using N/2+sqrt(N) queries if we allow a small probability of error. It is also shown that this error probability can be made arbitrary small by using N/2+O(sqrt(N)) oracle queries. In the second part of the article `approximate interrogation' is considered. This is when only a certain fraction of the N oracle bits are requested. Also for this scenario does the quantum algorithm outperform the classical protocols. An example is given where a quantum procedure with N/10 queries returns a string of which 80% of the bits are correct. Any classical protocol would need 6N/10 queries to establish such a correctness ratio.