Reduction: a method of proving properties of parallel programs
Communications of the ACM
Semaphore primitives and starvation-free mutual exclusion
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
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We discuss a parallel program model that allows a very general synchronization mechanism with a scheduler to control the progress of processes “undergoing synchronization.” We how to “abstract” the program, i.e. remove the scheduler, resulting in a simpler program. We then show that, for a large class of schedulers, a process can become deadlocked in the original program iff it can become deadlocked in the abstracted program.