Baseball: an automatic question answerer
Computers & thought
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Communications of the ACM
Understanding Natural Language
Understanding Natural Language
Modular natural language input data processing and a system of automatic translation of certain linear programming problems
The SNOBOL 4 programming language
The SNOBOL 4 programming language
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A system has been developed to process certain types of linear programming problems stated initially in English. The problem statements are restricted to a prescribed grammar, with limited vocabulary, and subject to certain conventions [5]. In some respects, it resembles other systems which also accept problem statements in English. For example, BASEBALL [3] answers certain questions about baseball games, STUDENT [1] solves some elementary algebra problems, ELIZA [6] conducts “conversations” in English with humans, and Winograd's one-eyed robot works only with the “block world” [7]. However, the system described in this paper has been designed with certain rather practical uses in mind. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the system, how it operates, and what changes might be introduced in order to improve its performance.