Taking advantage of zero entries in the exact inverse of sparse matrices

  • Authors:
  • Paul S. Wang;Tadatoshi Minamikawa

  • Affiliations:
  • -;-

  • Venue:
  • SYMSAC '76 Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation
  • Year:
  • 1976

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Abstract

An important use of a computer symbolic mathematical system lies in the area of matrix manipulation. This includes determinant [1,5] and linear equations [2,6,8]. Computing the inverse is one of the more complicated matrix operations. A principal difficulty in the exact inversion of a matrix is intermediate expression growth. This is particularly true if the given matrix contains a number of variables. The MACSYMA system [7] has been using an inversion scheme based on Gaussian elimination [6]. When the given matrix is sparse, it is desirable to have a way of taking advantage of the presence of the many zero entries. We used the technique of reduction to block triangular form [3]. The reduction is done by finding the strong components in a directed graph [4] associated with the given sparse matrix. In section two we shall describe how this scheme is employed to compute the exact inverse. A proof will be given in section three to show that, as far as symbolic inversion is concerned, this algorithm gives all the “predictable” zero entries in the inverse. Section four contains timing data comparing this method with MACSYMA's Bareiss-type fraction free elimination scheme.