Preemptive Scheduling of Real-Time Tasks on Multiprocessor Systems
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Polynomial complete scheduling problems
SOSP '73 Proceedings of the fourth ACM symposium on Operating system principles
Optimal scheduling of independent tasks on heterogeneous computing systems
ACM '74 Proceedings of the 1974 annual conference - Volume 1
Optimal Preemptive Scheduling on Two-Processor Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Deterministic Processor Scheduling
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Scheduling partially ordered tasks with probabilistic execution times
SOSP '75 Proceedings of the fifth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
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ACM '77 Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference
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Muntz and Coffman give a level algorithm that constructs optimal preemptive schedules on identical processors when the task system is a tree or when there are only two processors. A variation of their algorithm is adapted for processors of different speeds. The algorithm is shown to be optimal on two processors for arbitrary task systems, but not on three or more processors even for trees. Taking the algorithm as a heuristic on m processors and using the ratio of the lengths of the constructed and optimal schedules as a measure, we show that, on identical processors, its performance is bounded by 2 - 2/m. Moreover 2 - 2/m is a best bound in that there exist task systems for which this ratio is approached arbitrarily closely. On processors of different speeds, we derive an upper bound of its performance in terms of the speeds of the given processor system and show that @@@@1.5m is an upper bound over all processor systems. We also give an example of a system for which the bound @@@@m/2 @@@@2 can be approached asymptotically, thus establishing that the @@@@1.5m bound can at most be improved by a constant factor.