An axiomatic basis for computer programming
Communications of the ACM
The Denotational Description of Programming Languages: An Introduction
The Denotational Description of Programming Languages: An Introduction
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HAL/S is a large general purpose real-time programming language somewhat similar to ADA. Its major applications are for embedded real-time systems, in particular for the Space Shuttle on-board computer software and similar applications within NASA. After the language had been in regular use for several years, we were requested by NASA to prepare a formal semantic definition of the language using the method of H-graph semantics. This paper reports on the method and structure of that definition and on experience with its use in finding and correcting errors in the language specification and in the design of implementations for the language.