A technique for software module specification with examples
Communications of the ACM
Program development by stepwise refinement
Communications of the ACM
PASCAL user manual and report
A language extension for controlling access to shared data
ICSE '76 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering
The purpose of concurrent Pascal
Proceedings of the international conference on Reliable software
New feature for module protection in SIMULA
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
Letters to the editor: A protection model and its implementation in a dataflow system
Communications of the ACM
Constructing verified and reliable communications processing systems
ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
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The concept of “protection” in programming languages refers to the ability to express directly in the language the desired access control relationships for all objects defined in the language. The use of such mechanisms as data types, scope, parameter passing mechanisms, routines as parameters, abstract data types, and capabilities in Pascal, Concurrent Pascal, Euclid, Clu, and Gypsy are explored via a simple example which embodies many protection problems. The usefulness of language defined and enforced protection mechanisms to the process of formal verification is discussed.