Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Abstract data types and the development of data structures
Communications of the ACM
Abstract data types and software validation
Communications of the ACM
A technique for software module specification with examples
Communications of the ACM
On the criteria to be used in decomposing systems into modules
Communications of the ACM
Program development by stepwise refinement
Communications of the ACM
An axiomatic basis for computer programming
Communications of the ACM
Techniques of Program Structure and Design
Techniques of Program Structure and Design
Denotational Semantics: The Scott-Strachey Approach to Programming Language Theory
Denotational Semantics: The Scott-Strachey Approach to Programming Language Theory
Formal specification as a design tool
POPL '80 Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Proceedings of the Abstract Software Specifications, 1979 Copenhagen Winter School
Abstract model specifications for data abstractions
Abstract model specifications for data abstractions
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Recognition of the value of formal specifications in the design and verification of large software systems is becoming more widespread. Specification languages themselves, however, are difficult to develop in part because of the inherent conflict between the goals of clarity and formalism required by these languages. This paper discusses the role of specification languages, examples of specifications in two currently implemented languages, AFFIRM and SPECIAL, and makes some suggestions towards a more practical specification language.