Toward a discipline of real-time programming
Communications of the ACM
An experimental evaluation of data type conventions
Communications of the ACM
Program development by stepwise refinement
Communications of the ACM
Techniques of Program Structure and Design
Techniques of Program Structure and Design
Structured Programming; Theory and Practice the Systems Programming Series
Structured Programming; Theory and Practice the Systems Programming Series
IF-THEN-ELSE considered harmful
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
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This paper examines the features of a small ALGOL-like language for characteristic errors. These errors occur in the general use of a language feature, rather than its use in a particular program. Language design and defensive programming are suggested as ways of dealing with these errors. Data collected in observing 33 subjects writing small (43-216 lines), but sophisticated programs demonstrate that these errors are both frequent and persistent in the development of programs.