A relational model of data for large shared data banks
Communications of the ACM
An extended owner-coupled set data model and predicate calculus for database management
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Restructuring for large databases: three levels of abstraction
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Relational Data-Base Management Systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
CODASYL Data-Base Management Systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Query optimization for CODASYL database systems
SIGMOD '82 Proceedings of the 1982 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Diet: A data independent system for medical applications
ACM '77 Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference
A functional view of data independence
SIGFIDET '74 Proceedings of the 1974 ACM SIGFIDET (now SIGMOD) workshop on Data description, access and control
A graduate course in database management
ACM SIGMOD Record
Bibliography on data base structures
ACM SIGMIS Database
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Data independence is a relatively new concept in database management technology. In essence, the objective of data independence is the insulation of application programs from the underlying database management system. The remarkably widespread appreciation for the notion is in part a result of the vigorous discussion generated by the reports of the Data Base Task Group of CODASYL and the Joint GUIDE-SHARE Data Base Requirements Group. While the pros and cons have been discussed at some length, very little has been written or spoken on the implications of data independence on the architecture of database management systems. It is the purpose of this paper to identify and elaborate on some of the problems associated with the design of a data-independent system.