Merrimac: Supercomputing with Streams
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Technology-Driven, Highly-Scalable Dragonfly Topology
ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
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In applications such as processor-memory interconnect, I/O networks, and router switch fabrics, an interconnection network must be scalable to thousands of high-bandwidth terminals while at the same time being economical in small configurations and robust in the presence of single-point faults. Emerging optical technology enables new topologies by allowing links to cover large distances but at a significant premium in cost compared to high-speed electrical links. Existing topologies do not cost-effectively exploit these optical links. In this paper we introduce SOENet, a family of topologies that exploits emerging high-speed optical and electrical links to provide cost effective scalability and graceful degradation in the presence of faults. We show that SOENet scales more economically than alternative topologies. For networks scalable to 32,000 nodes, a 32-node SOENet costs 4x less than a 3-D torus. Finally we investigate the fault tolerance properties of these networksand show that they degrade more gracefully in the presence of faults than alternative topologies.