The MAFT Architecture for Distributed Fault Tolerance
IEEE Transactions on Computers - Fault-Tolerant Computing
Design & analysis of fault tolerant digital systems
Design & analysis of fault tolerant digital systems
Reliable computer systems (2nd ed.): design and evaluation
Reliable computer systems (2nd ed.): design and evaluation
Fault Diagnosis and Fault Tolerance: A Systematic Approach to Special Topics
Fault Diagnosis and Fault Tolerance: A Systematic Approach to Special Topics
Hardware/software fault tolerance with multiple task modular redundancy
ISCC '95 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC'95)
Modular redundancy without voters decreases complexity of restoring organ
AFIPS '77 Proceedings of the June 13-16, 1977, national computer conference
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A variant of N-Modular Redundancy (NMR) allows an NMR system to have up to twice the throughput while keeping the same reliability model. Each task is executed by a majority of processors. The tasks are diagnosed (by comparing their results) rather than the processors (by a separate diagnostic process). This scheme does not increase the complexity of the circuitry involved as diagnosis does not have to be adaptive. Intermittent and transient, as well as permanent faults are tolerated.