Automatic Sign Language Analysis: A Survey and the Future beyond Lexical Meaning
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Signing Exact English (SEE): Modeling and recognition
Pattern Recognition
Signing Exact English (SEE): Modeling and recognition
Pattern Recognition
A person independent system for recognition of hand postures used in sign language
Pattern Recognition Letters
Tongue-print: a novel biometrics pattern
ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
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Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) have long been used for the appearance-based hand posture recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel PCA/MDA scheme for hand posture recognition. Unlike other PCA/MDA schemes, the PCA layer acts as a crude classification. Since posture alone cannot provide sufficient discriminating information, each input pattern will be given a likelihood of being in the nodes of PCA layers, instead of a strict division. Based on the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, we introduce three methods to estimate the parameters for this crude classification during training. The experiments on a 110-sign vocabulary show a significant improvement compared with the global PCA/MDA.