Characteristics of wide-area TCP/IP conversations
SIGCOMM '91 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architecture & protocols
Empirically derived analytic models of wide-area TCP connections
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A scalable HTTP server: the NCSA prototype
Selected papers of the first conference on World-Wide Web
Characterizing browsing strategies in the World-Wide Web
Proceedings of the Third International World-Wide Web conference on Technology, tools and applications
The case for persistent-connection HTTP
SIGCOMM '95 Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
An investigation of documents from the World Wide Web
Proceedings of the fifth international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks and ISDN systems
Proceedings of the fifth international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks and ISDN systems
Web server workload characterization: the search for invariants
Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces
Quality of service and asynchronous transfer mode in ip internetworks
Quality of service and asynchronous transfer mode in ip internetworks
Flow labelled IP: a connectionless approach to ATM
INFOCOM'96 Proceedings of the Fifteenth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies conference on The conference on computer communications - Volume 3
Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance
SIGMETRICS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Cluster-based scalable network services
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Generating representative Web workloads for network and server performance evaluation
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
On the scale and performance of cooperative Web proxy caching
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
IP packet generation: statistical models for TCP start times based on connection-rate superposition
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Downlink scheduling in CDMA data networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
A client-aware dispatching algorithm for web clusters providing multiple services
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
What TCP/IP protocol headers can tell us about the web
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
QoS of internet access with GPRS
MSWIM '01 Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Difficulties in simulating the internet
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A web server's view of the transport layer
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A case for context-aware TCP/IP
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Minimizing energy for wireless web access with bounded slowdown
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Capacity of multi-service cellular networks with transmission-rate control: a queueing analysis
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Coping with communication gray zones in IEEE 802.11b based ad hoc networks
WOWMOM '02 Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Wireless mobile multimedia
Application-level differentiated services for Web servers
World Wide Web
Improving the performance of interactive TCP applications using service differentiation
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue: Towards a new internet architecture
A case study of web server benchmarking using parallel WAN emulation
Performance Evaluation
Sustaining Availability of Web Services under Distributed Denial of Service Attacks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Rapid model parameterization from traffic measurements
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Service Differentiation in the Internet to Support Multimedia Traffic
IWDC '01 Proceedings of the Thyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications: Evolutionary Trends of the Internet
TStat: TCP STatistic and Analysis Tool
QoS-IP 2003 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Quality of Service in Multiservice IP Networks
Workload Characterization Issues and Methodologies
Performance Evaluation: Origins and Directions
QoS of internet access with GPRS
Wireless Networks
The Georgia Tech Network Simulator
MoMeTools '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Models, methods and tools for reproducible network research
A tool for RApid model parameterization and its applications
MoMeTools '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Models, methods and tools for reproducible network research
The effect of detail on ethernet simulation
Proceedings of the eighteenth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation
Multi-service wireless internet link enhancements
Wireless communications systems and networks
Experience with "link-up notification" over a mobile satellite link
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
DHTTP: an efficient and cache-friendly transfer protocol for the web
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Measuring IP and TCP behavior on edge nodes with Tstat
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Proxy-cache aware object bundling for web access acceleration
Web content caching and distribution
A traffic characterization of popular on-line games
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Self-management in chaotic wireless deployments
Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Empirical Models of TCP and UDP End-User Network Traffic from NETI@home Data Analysis
Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation
Tmix: a tool for generating realistic TCP application workloads in ns-2
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Realistic and responsive network traffic generation
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Minimizing energy for wireless web access with bounded slowdown
Wireless Networks
Hoarding location-based data using clustering
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Mobility management and wireless access
A drawback of current anti-virus simulations: the need for background traffic
Proceedings of the 44th annual Southeast regional conference
Simulation-based routing protocol performance analysis: a case study
Proceedings of the 38th conference on Winter simulation
Improving confidence in network simulations
Proceedings of the 38th conference on Winter simulation
Rate-distortion based link state update
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Spatio-temporal modeling of traffic workload in a campus WLAN
WICON '06 Proceedings of the 2nd annual international workshop on Wireless internet
Adaptive application-driven WLAN power management
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
A first look at modern enterprise traffic
IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement
Organization-based analysis of web-object sharing and caching
USITS'99 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 2
System design issues for internet middleware services: deductions from a large client trace
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Self-management in chaotic wireless deployments
Wireless Networks
Energy-efficient wireless information retrieval
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
Internet traffic modeling by means of Hidden Markov Models
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Link layer adaptation for shared wireless links
Mobile Networks and Applications
Changes in the Web from 2000 to 2007
DSOM '08 Proceedings of the 19th IFIP/IEEE international workshop on Distributed Systems: Operations and Management: Managing Large-Scale Service Deployment
Equilibrium analysis through separation of user and network behavior
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
HttpTools: a toolkit for simulation of web hosts in OMNeT++
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
On Metrics to Distinguish Skype Flows from HTTP Traffic
Journal of Network and Systems Management
Swing: realistic and responsive network traffic generation
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
An empirical model for multi-contact point haptic network traffic
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Immersive Telecommunications
HTTP Traffic Measurements on Access Networks, Analysis of Results and Simulation
NEW2AN '09 and ruSMART '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Smart Spaces and Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking and Second Conference on Smart Spaces
A new methodology for TCP evaluation in a multiuser web environment
Computer Communications
Subsidized RED: an active queue management mechanism for short-lived flows
Computer Communications
Measuring IP and TCP behavior on edge nodes with Tstat
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Cooperative mobile web browsing
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
Techniques for simulation of realistic infrastructure wireless network traffic
WiOPT'09 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks
LiTGen, a lightweight traffic generator: application to P2P and mail wireless traffic
PAM'07 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Passive and active network measurement
Survey on traffic of metro area network with measurement on-line
ITC20'07 Proceedings of the 20th international teletraffic conference on Managing traffic performance in converged networks
Catching IP traffic burstiness with a lightweight generator
NETWORKING'07 Proceedings of the 6th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Ad Hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
Discrete-time buffer systems with session-based arrival streams
Performance Evaluation
ISP-enabled behavioral ad targeting without deep packet inspection
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Towards understanding developing world traffic
Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions
An automatic HTTP cookie management system
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
RCB: a simple and practical framework for real-time collaborative browsing
USENIX'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on USENIX Annual technical conference
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on dynamic spectrum access: from the concept to the implementation
Congestion control in TCP/IP networks: a combined ECN and BECN approach
MILCOM'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE conference on Military communications - Volume I
Stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) preformance over the land mobile satellite channel
MILCOM'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE conference on Military communications - Volume II
SessionSim: activity-based session generation for network simulation
Winter Simulation Conference
Web Acceleration in Asymmetrical Mobile Network
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Detecting fraudulent use of cloud resources
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Cloud computing security workshop
Towards understanding modern web traffic
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Design and implementation of a network processor based 10gbps network traffic generator
ICDCN'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Distributed Computing and Networking
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Optimal control of packet service access state for cdma2000-1x systems
MSN'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks
Limitations of fixed timers for wireless links
ISPA'06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications
A simulation analysis of multiagent-based dynamic request placement techniques
IICS'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Innovative Internet Community Systems
Observed performance of elastic Internet applications
Computer Communications
Understanding the characteristics of cellular data traffic
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Cellular networks: operations, challenges, and future design
Understanding the characteristics of cellular data traffic
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review - Special october issue SIGCOMM '12
Modeling and analysis of web usage and experience based on link-level measurements
Proceedings of the 24th International Teletraffic Congress
WISE'12 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Web Information Systems Engineering
Modeling web usage profiles of cloud services for utility cost analysis
Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference
Transactional traffic generator implementation in ns-3
Proceedings of the 6th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
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The workload of the global Internet is dominated by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), an application protocol used by World Wide Web clients and servers. Simulation studies of IP networks will require a model of the traffic patterns of the World Wide Web, in order to investigate the effects of this increasingly popular application. We have developed an empirical model of network traffic produced by HTTP. Instead of relying on server or client logs, our approach is based on packet traces of HTTP conversations. Through traffic analysis, we have determined statistics and distributions for higher-level quantities such as the size of HTTP files, the number of files per "Web page", and user browsing behavior. These quantities form a model can then be used by simulations to mimic World Wide Web network applications.