Knowledge and common knowledge in a distributed environment
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Experimental quantum cryptography
Journal of Cryptology - Eurocrypt '90
Reasoning about knowledge
ACM SIGACT News
An introduction to quantum cryptography
Crossroads
Weakly complete axiomatization of exogenous quantum propositional logic
Information and Computation
Classical Knowledge for Quantum Cryptographic Reasoning
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Reasoning About Imperative Quantum Programs
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Weakly complete axiomatization of exogenous quantum propositional logic
Information and Computation
Reasoning about quantum knowledge
FSTTCS '05 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science
A logic for quantum circuits and protocols
ICTAC'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Theoretical Aspects of Computing
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This paper applies to quantum systems a modelling for the logic of knowledge, originally developed for reasoning about distributed systems, but since then applied to game theory, computer security and artificial intelligence. A formal model of quantum message passing systems is developed and the question of how one might define the semantics of a modal operator for knowledge in this model is considered. It is argued that there are at least two plausible semantics, depending on whether the agents are permitted to make use of their quantum state in determining what they know, and on whether one is dealing with single instances of quantum systems, or ensembles. The framework is illustrated using a number of examples from the quantum computing literature, including protocols for quantum key distribution and teleportation.