Pad: an alternative approach to the computer interface
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Toolglass and magic lenses: the see-through interface
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The movable filter as a user interface tool
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DEVise: integrated querying and visual exploration of large datasets
SIGMOD '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Navigation and coordination primitives for multidimensional visual browsers
Proceedings of the third IFIP WG2.6 working conference on Visual database systems 3 (VDB-3)
SIGMOD '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Readings in information visualization: using vision to think
Readings in information visualization: using vision to think
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Tioga-2: A Direct Manipulation Database Visualization Environment
ICDE '96 Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Data Engineering
VIQING: Visual Interactive QueryING
VL '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages
IVEE: an Information Visualization and Exploration Environment
INFOVIS '95 Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization
Focus plus context screens: combining display technology with visualization techniques
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
No Code Required: Giving Users Tools to Transform the Web
No Code Required: Giving Users Tools to Transform the Web
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Data visualization environments help users understand and analyze their data by permitting interactive browsing of graphical representations of the data. To further facilitate understanding and analysis, many visualization environments have special features known as portals, which are sub-windows of a data canvas. Portals provide a way to display multiple graphical representations simultaneously, in a nested fashion. This makes portals an extremely powerful and flexible paradigm for data visualization. Unfortunately, with this flexibility comes complexity. There are over a hundred possible ways each portal can be configured to exhibit different behaviors. Many of these behaviors are confusing and certain behaviors can be inappropriate for a particular setting. It is desirable to eliminate confusing and inappropriate behaviors. In this paper, we construct taxonomy of portal behaviors and give recommendations to help designers of visualization systems decide which behaviors are intuitive and appropriate for a particular setting. We apply these recommendations to an example setting that is fully visually programmable and analyze the resulting reduced set of behaviors. Finally, we consider a real visualization environment and demonstrate some problems associated with behaviors that do not follow our recommendations.