A novel loss indication filtering approach for multicast congestion control
Computer Communications
GSC: a generic source-based congestion control algorithm for reliable multicast
Computer Communications
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We present MTCP, a congestion control scheme for large-scale reliable multicast. Congestion control for reliable multicast is important, because of its wide applications in multimedia and collaborative computing, yet nontrivial, because of the potentially large number of receivers involved. Many schemes have been proposed to handle the recovery of lost packets in a scalable manner, but there is little work on the design and implementation of congestion control schemes for reliable multicast. We propose new techniques that can effectively handle instances of both short-term and persistent congestion occurring simultaneously at various parts of a multicast tree. Our protocol incorporates several novel features: (a) hierarchical congestion status reports that distribute the load of processing feedback from all receivers across the multicadt group, (2) the relative time delay (RTD) concept which overcomes the difficulty of estimating round-trip times in a multicast environment, (3) a retransmission window that regulates the flow of repair packets to avoid congestion during local recovery, and (4) congestion localization, a unique feature of our protocol which prevents persistently congested receivers from affecting the receiving rate of non-congested receivers. MTCP quickly throttles the sender''s transmission rate based on aggregated update reports, and effectively localizes persistent, isolated congestion. Short-term congestion is handled by a modified TCP-Vegas scheme, while persistent congestion is handled by isolating the congested nodes from the rest of the group. We have implemented the short-term congestion control scheme and we have obtained encouraging preliminary results through Internet experiments.