An HDLC protocol specification and its verification using image protocols
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
POPL '83 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages
"Sometimes" and "not never" revisited: on branching versus linear time (preliminary report)
POPL '83 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages
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Programs that implement computer communications protocols can exhibit extremely complicated behavior, and neither informal reasoning nor testing is reliable enough to establish their correctness. In this paper we discuss the application of program verification techniques to protocols. This approach is more reliable than informal reasoning, but has the advantage over formal reasoning based on finite-state models that the complexity of the proof does not grow unmanageably as the size of the program increases. Certain tools of concurrent program verification that are especially useful for protocols are presented: history variables that record sequences of input and output values, temporal logic for expressing properties that must hold in a future system state (such as eventual receipt of a message), and module specification and composition rules. The use of these techniques is illustrated by verifying a simple data transfer protocol from the literature.