Building an evolution transformation library
ICSE '90 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Software engineering
Applying domain and design knowledge to requirements engineering
ACM SIGOIS Bulletin - Special issue on information system design support tools
Developing Formal Specifications from Informal Requirements
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
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THE `GRAPPLE'' PLAN FORMALISM WAS DESIGNED TO SUPPORT THE CENTRAL PARADIGM IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTELLIGENT ASSISTANT. THAT PARADIGM INVOLVES PERFORMING BOTH PLAN RECOGNITION AND PLANNING FOR A USER WORKING IN A COMPUTER-BASED, PROFESSIONAL DOMAIN. TWO EXAMPLES OF THESE TYPES OF DOMAINS ARE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AND THE AUTOMATED OFFICE. USING A PLANNING PARADIGM, THE INTELLIGENT ASSISTANT CAN PROVIDE SUCH HELP AS: -MAINTAINING AGENDAS (BY ENUMERATING THE STATES YET TO BE SATISFIED IN A PLAN), -DETECTING ERRORS (SUCH AS WHEN A NEW USER ACTION CANNOT BE RECOGNIZED OR VIOLATES A PROTECTED CONDITION), -CORRECTING ERRORS (FOR EXAMPLE, BY INFORMING OF THE NEED TO SATISFY A MISSING PRECONDITION OR SUBSTITUTING THE NEAREST EXPECTED ACTION INSTEAD OR SUGGESTING THAT ANOTHER ACTION BE PERFORMED FIRST), -ANSWERING USER QUESTIONS (WHICH ARE INTERPRETED AS QUERIES ON EITHER THE STATE OF THE DOMAIN OR THE STATE OF THE PLAN), AND -AUTOMATICALLY EXECUTING USER TASKS (BY PERFORMING PLANNING AND EXECUTION MONITORING). A SCHEMATIC ARCHITECTURE FOR SUCH AN ASSISTANT IS GIVEN IN FIGURE 1. THE ASSISTANT ITSELF IS DOMAIN-INDEPENDENT. ITS DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE IS EMBODIED IN A SET OF OPERATORS (WRITTEN IN THE `GRAPPLE'' PLAN FORMALISM GPF) WHICH