The Radiometry of Multiple Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Structural Encoding of Human and Schematic Faces: Holistic and Part-Based Processes
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
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An image of a face depends not only on its shape, but also on the viewing position, illumination conditions, and facial expression. Any face recognition system must overcome the changes in face appearance induced by these factors. To assess the ability of human vision to genralize across changes in illumination and pose of faces, we studied the performance of subjects in a discrimination task with eiether upright or inverted faces. Subjects first learned to discriminate among images of three faces, taken under fixed viewing position an illumination. They were then tested on images of the same faces taken under all combinations of four illuminations and five viewing positions. For upright faces, we found remarkably good generalization to novel conditions. For inverted faces, the generalization to novel views was significantly worse, although the performance on the training images was similar in both cases.