Facilitating International Electronic Commerce by Formalising the Incoterms

Authors:
Arjan Foekens;Andreas Mitrakas;Yao-Hua Tan
Affiliations:
-;-;-
Venue:
HICSS '97 Proceedings of the 30th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: Information Systems Track—Internet and the Digital Economy - Volume 4
Year:
1997

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Abstract

The Incoterms, international commercial terms, offer arare example of highly standardised terms for commercialtransactions. In this paper we present a logical analysis ofthe Incoterms. Our analysis shows that there is a richvariety of different cases of deontic and defeasiblereasoning in the Incoterms. Most of the rules in theIncoterms are expressed in deontic notions such asobligation, permission and right. Also, most of theserules have a defeasible character in the sense that they holdfor the normal case, but can be overruled in exceptionalcircumstances. The results from this logical analysis couldcontribute to the discussion about the role of deontic anddefeasible logics in the representation of and reasoningabout legal domains. We also describe how, based on ourlogical analysis, a legal advisory system for the Incotermscan be implemented in Prolog. This implementation couldbe further developed into a legal advisory system thatcould offer advice to commercial users about the choice ofthe most suitable Incoterms to include in their commercialcontracts.