Automated visual inspection: 1981 to 1987
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
A physical approach to color image understanding
International Journal of Computer Vision
A segmentation algorithm for color images
Pattern Recognition Letters
Machine vision
A survey of automated visual inspection
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Mean Shift, Mode Seeking, and Clustering
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Colour Image Processing Handbook (Optoelectronics, Imaging and Sensing)
The Colour Image Processing Handbook (Optoelectronics, Imaging and Sensing)
A region growing and merging algorithm to color segmentation
Pattern Recognition
A hierarchical approach to color image segmentation using homogeneity
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
International Journal of Systems Science - Innovative Production Machines and Systems, Guest Editors: Duc-Truong Pham, Anthony Soroka and Eldaw Eldukhri
Fast and efficient colour inspection using sets of ellipsoidal regions
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
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In pharmaceutical blister packing, it is today part of the recommended security standard to inspect tablets in each blister before it is sealed: In this paper an automated visual inspection system is described, which detects missing and broken tablets, tablet fragments, as well as the color, size, and shape of individual tablets. The system operates either in "training" or "inspection" mode. In training mode, the image of defect-free blisters is used to extract the blister model, which is composed of the spatial color nonuniformity correction function, positions of blisters, positions of tablets in blisters, the color labeling function, and position, size, and shape of each tablet and corresponding pre-specified tolerances. The blister model allows effective and real-time analysis of blisters in inspection mode. The most important parts of the system are correction of the adverse effects of spatial color nonuniformity and color segmentation. A method recently proposed for spatial intensity nonuniformity correction has been extended to suppress spatial color nonuniformity in color images. A novel nonparametric clustering-based segmentation method is proposed, which finds the valleys between color clusters. The experimental results indicate that the segmentation method preceded by spatial color nonuniformity correction accurately extracts color clusters with complex shapes and therefore correctly segments the inspected images. The automated visual inspection system can thus be used in industrial environments where real-time inspection of color objects is required.