Approximation Algorithms for Asymmetric TSP by Decomposing Directed Regular Multigraphs

• Authors: Haim Kaplan;Moshe Lewenstein;Nira Shafrir;Maxim Sviridenko
• Venue: FOCS '03 Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
• Year: 2003

A directed multigraph is said to be d-regular if the indegree and outdegree of every vertex is exactly d. By Hall's theorem one can represent such a multigraph as a combinationof at most n2 cycle covers each taken with an appropriate multiplicity. We prove that if the d-regular multigraph does not contain more than \left\lfloor {{d \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {d 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} \right\rfloor copies of any 2-cycle then we can find a similar decomposition into 0(n2) pairs of cycle covers where each 2-cycle occurs in at most one component of each pair. Our proof is construtive and gives a polynomial algorithm to .nd such a decomposition. Since our applications only need one such a pair of cycle covers whose weight is at least the average weight of all pairs, we also give a simpler algorithm to extract a single such pair.This combinatorial theorem then comes handy in rounding a fractional solution of an LP relaxation of the maximum and minimum TSP problems. For maximum TSP, we obtain a tour whose weight is at least 2/3 of the weight of the longest tour, improving a previous 5/8 approximation. For minimum TSP we obtain a tour whose weight is at most 0.842log2n times the optimal, improving a previous 0.999log2n approximation. Utilizing a reduction from maximum TSP to the shortest superstring problem we obtain a 2.5-approximation algorithm for the latter problem which is again much simpler than the previous one. Other applications of the rounding procedure are approximation algorithms for maximum 3-cycle cover (factor 2/3, previously 3/5) and maximum asymmetric TSP with triangle inequality (factor 10/13, previously 3/4).