Evaluation of an inference network-based retrieval model
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) - Special issue on research and development in information retrieval
The effect multiple query representations on information retrieval system performance
SIGIR '93 Proceedings of the 16th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Automatic combination of multiple ranked retrieval systems
SIGIR '94 Proceedings of the 17th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Combining the evidence of multiple query representations for information retrieval
TREC-2 Proceedings of the second conference on Text retrieval conference
Combining multiple evidence from different properties of weighting schemes
SIGIR '95 Proceedings of the 18th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Analyses of multiple evidence combination
Proceedings of the 20th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Ranking retrieval systems without relevance judgments
Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Analyses of multiple-evidence combinations for retrieval strategies
Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Relevance score normalization for metasearch
Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Condorcet fusion for improved retrieval
Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on Information and knowledge management
Analysis of Combining Multiple Query Representations with Varying Lengths in a Single Engine
ITCC '02 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing
The effectiveness of combining information retrieval strategies for European languages
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Fusion of effective retrieval strategies in the same information retrieval system
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
A Fusion Approach to XML Structured Document Retrieval
Information Retrieval
Automatic ranking of information retrieval systems using data fusion
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Information Fusion in Multimedia Information Retrieval
Adaptive Multimedial Retrieval: Retrieval, User, and Semantics
From "Identical" to "Similar": Fusing Retrieved Lists Based on Inter-document Similarities
ICTIR '09 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Theory of Information Retrieval: Advances in Information Retrieval Theory
Cluster-based fusion of retrieved lists
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
Re-ranking search results using an additional retrieved list
Information Retrieval
From "identical" to "similar": fusing retrieved lists based on inter-document similarities
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Interactions between stereotypes
AH'06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems
IR of XML documents: a collective ranking strategy
INEX'04 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval
Cheshire II at INEX '04: fusion and feedback for the adhoc and heterogeneous tracks
INEX'04 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval
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Many prior efforts have been devoted to the basic idea that data fusion techniques can improve retrieval effectiveness. Recent work in the area suggests that many approaches, particularly multiple-evidence combinations, can be a successful means of improving the effectiveness of a system. Unfortunately, the conditions favorable to effectiveness improvements have not been made clear. We examine popular data fusion techniques designed to achieve improvements in effectiveness and clarify the conditions required for data fusion to show improvement. We demonstrate that for fusion to improve effectiveness, the result sets being fused must contain a significant number of unique relevant documents. Furthermore, we show that for this improvement to be visible, these unique relevant documents must be highly ranked. In addition, we present a comprehensive discussion on why previous assumptions about the effectiveness of multiple-evidence techniques are misleading. Detailed empirical results and analysis are provided to support our conclusions.