Image reducing words and subgroups of free groups

  • Authors:
  • D. S. Ananichev;A. Cherubini;M. V. Volkov

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Ural State University, 620083 Ekaterinburg, Russia;Dipartimento di Matematica "Francesco Brioschi", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Ural State University, 620083 Ekaterinburg, Russia

  • Venue:
  • Theoretical Computer Science - WORDS
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

A word w over a finite alphabet Σ is said to be n-collapsing if for an arbitrary finite automaton A = 〈Q,Σ_._〉, the inequality |Q ċ w| ≤ |Q|- n holds provided that |Q ċ u| ≤ |Q|- n for some word u (depending on A). We give an algorithm to test whether a word is 2-collapsing. To this aim we associate to every word w a finite family of finitely generated subgroups in finitely generated free groups and prove that the property of being 2-collapsing reflects in the property that each of these subgroups has index at most 2 in the corresponding free group. We also find a similar characterization for the closely related class of so-called 2-synchronizing words.