Perceptual Organization and Curve Partitioning
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Techniques for segmenting image curves into meaningful descriptions
Pattern Recognition
Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A trainable gesture recognizer
Pattern Recognition
Recognizing multistroke geometric shapes: an experimental evaluation
UIST '93 Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A perceptually-supported sketch editor
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interactive beautification: a technique for rapid geometric design
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Direct Least Square Fitting of Ellipses
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Visual similarity of pen gestures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DENIM: finding a tighter fit between tools and practice for Web site design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SATIN: a toolkit for informal ink-based applications
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Curve Fitting with Conic Splines
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
On the approximation of curves by line segments using dynamic programming
Communications of the ACM
Recognition of freehand sketches using mean shift
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Finding Perceptually Closed Paths in Sketches and Drawings
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Sketch based interfaces: early processing for sketch understanding
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
Sketch recognition with continuous feedback based on incremental intention extraction
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Online Segmentation of Freehand Stroke by Dynamic Programming
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Sketch Grammars: A Formalism for Describing and Recognizing Diagrammatic Sketch Languages
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Machine assessment of shape copying tests using Zernike moment descriptors
SPPRA'06 Proceedings of the 24th IASTED international conference on Signal processing, pattern recognition, and applications
A combinatorial approach to multi-domain sketch recognition
SBIM '07 Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling
Ink features for diagram recognition
SBIM '07 Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling
SUMLOW: early design-stage sketching of UML diagrams on an E-whiteboard
Software—Practice & Experience
OctoPocus: a dynamic guide for learning gesture-based command sets
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Revisiting ShortStraw: improving corner finding in sketch-based interfaces
Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Recognition and beautification of multi-stroke symbols in digital ink
Computers and Graphics
Automated freehand sketch segmentation using radial basis functions
Computer-Aided Design
Elliptic polygon based 2D sketch interface for 3D shape matching
ICCSA'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Computational science and Its applications - Volume Part II
Technical Section: SpeedSeg: A technique for segmenting pen strokes using pen speed
Computers and Graphics
Online composite sketchy shape recognition using dynamic programming
GREC'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Graphics Recognition: ten Years Review and Future Perspectives
A dynamic stroke segmentation technique for sketched symbol recognition
IbPRIA'05 Proceedings of the Second Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part II
The fuzzy-spatial descriptor for the online graphic recognition: overlapping matrix algorithm
DAS'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Document Analysis Systems
ShortStraw: a simple and effective corner finder for polylines
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Template based classification of multi-touch gestures
Pattern Recognition
Recognition of multi-touch drawn sketches
HCI'13 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-Computer Interaction: interaction modalities and techniques - Volume Part IV
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Analysis of sketched digital ink is often aided by the division of stroke points into perceptually-salient fragments based on geometric features. Fragmentation has many applications in intelligent interfaces for digital ink capture and manipulation, as well as higher-level symbolic and structural analyses. It is our intuitive belief that the most robust fragmentations closely match a user's natural perception of the ink, thus leading to more effective recognition and useful user feedback. We present two optimal fragmentation algorithms that fragment common geometries into a basis set of line segments and elliptical arcs. The first algorithm uses an explicit template in which the order and types of bases are specified. The other only requires the number of fragments of each basis type. For the set of symbols under test, both algorithms achieved 100% fragmentation accuracy rate for symbols with line bases, ›99% accuracy for symbols with elliptical bases, and ›90% accuracy for symbols with mixed line and elliptical bases.