The dynamics of collective sorting robot-like ants and ant-like robots
Proceedings of the first international conference on simulation of adaptive behavior on From animals to animats
Adaptive action selection for cooperative agent teams
Proceedings of the second international conference on From animals to animats 2 : simulation of adaptive behavior: simulation of adaptive behavior
From Tom Thumb to the Dockers: some experiments with foraging robots
Proceedings of the second international conference on From animals to animats 2 : simulation of adaptive behavior: simulation of adaptive behavior
Time-based analysis of students studying the Periodic Table
Learning with computers
Graphic and numerical methods to access navigation in hypertext
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Virtual teamwork in very large undergraduate classes
Computers & Education
Measurement and assessment in computer-supported collaborative learning
Computers in Human Behavior
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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the use of trace diagrams for analysing collaborative problem solving. The paper describes a study where trace diagrams were used to analyse joint navigation in a virtual environment. Ten pairs of undergraduates worked together on a distributed virtual task to collect five flowers using two bees with each participant controlling one of the bees. This task is used extensively in research on multi-robot systems. The joint navigation of the pairs was analysed using trace diagrams. They showed that more successful pairs divided the task up, showed very little overlap and very little backtracking. Whereas, the less successful pairs, showed no task division, there was significant overlap and extensive backtracking. From this analysis we developed numerical measures of task division, overlap and backtracking. Task division was significantly and negatively related with task performance. Backtracking and overlap were significantly and positively correlated.