Intellectual issues in the history of artificial intelligence
The study of information: interdisciplinary messages
Building expert systems
Basic structure of a proposed building product model
Computer-Aided Design
Process models for design synthesis
AI Magazine
Design reasoning without explanations
AI Magazine
The mind's new science: a history of the cognitive revolution
The mind's new science: a history of the cognitive revolution
Soft systems methodology in action
Soft systems methodology in action
An introduction to neural computing
An introduction to neural computing
Designing engineers
Engineering design: a synthesis of views
Engineering design: a synthesis of views
Designing information technology in the postmodern age: from method to metaphor
Designing information technology in the postmodern age: from method to metaphor
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
The Logic of Architecture: Design, Computation, and Cognition
The Logic of Architecture: Design, Computation, and Cognition
Machines Who Think
Knowledge-Based Design Systems
Knowledge-Based Design Systems
Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design
Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design
Developing Case-Based Reasoning for Structural Design
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
Philosophical grounding and computational formalization for practice based engineering knowledge
Knowledge-Based Systems
Soft computing in engineering design - A review
Advanced Engineering Informatics
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Some historical and current trends in reflective practice (RP), artificial intelligence (AI), and engineering design (ED) are presented and compared. Human artistry, context, and connectionist approaches to knowledge are the common threads highlighted. ED is considered to be a type of RP and AI a part of RP. This is supported by an analysis of the transformation processes involved in each. AI and systems are presented as approaches for the formalization of RP at the technical and conceptual levels, respectively. Interconnectedness in a hierarchical fashion and purposeful process loops are defined as the key ingredients of a systems approach. AI techniques that could support a range of ED categories (case-based reasoning, decomposition, and transformation) are identified, as are the wider RP approaches that subsume those categories. The ED, AI, and RP categories are identified as spanning from routine to creative, connectionist to cognitivist, and intuitive to deliberate, respectively.