Fragile watermarking scheme based on the block-wise dependence in the wavelet domain
Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
Image authentication and tamper detection using two complementary watermarks
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
A quantization-based semi-fragile watermarking scheme for image content authentication
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
An improved image blind identification based on inconsistency in light source direction
The Journal of Supercomputing
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In this paper, a novel semi-fragile watermarkingscheme for image authentication is proposed, whichaddresses the issue of protecting images from illegalmanipulations and modifications. The scheme extractsa signature (watermark) from the original image andinserts this signature back into the image, avoidingadditional signature files. The error correction coding(ECC) is used to encode the signatures that areextracted from the image. To increase the security ofthis scheme, user's private key is employed forencryption and decryption of the watermark duringwatermark extraction and insertion procedures.Experimental result shows that if there is no change inthe obtained image, the watermark will be correctlyextracted, thus will pass through the authenticationsystem. This scheme is tolerant of lossy compressionsuch as JPEG, but malicious changes of the image willresult in the breach of the watermark detection. Inaddition, this scheme can detect the exact locations,which are illegal modified blocks.