Iconic indexing by 2-D strings
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Similarity retrieval of iconic image database
Pattern Recognition
2D C-string: a new spatial knowledge representation for image database systems
Pattern Recognition
Picture algebra for spatial reasoning of iconic images represented in 2D C-string
Pattern Recognition Letters
Retrieving the most similar symbolic pictures from pictorial databases
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Application of geometric hashing to iconic database retrieval
Pattern Recognition Letters
An exact match retrieval scheme based upon principal component analysis
Pattern Recognition Letters
A spatial data representation: an adaptive 2D-H string
Pattern Recognition Letters
Retrieving similar pictures from a pictorial database by an improved hashing table
Pattern Recognition Letters
A note on adaptive 2D-H strings
Pattern Recognition Letters
Image retrieval based on object's orientation spatial relationship
Pattern Recognition Letters - Special issue on image/video indexing and retrieval
Extended Symbolic Projections as a Knowledge Structure for Spatial Reasoning
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
A comprehensive conceptual analysis using ER and conceptual graphs
Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence - Special issue: conceptual graphs workshop
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Retrieval of images by spatial and object similarities
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Graph-based representation for similarity retrieval of symbolic images
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Efficient compressed domain target image search and retrieval
CIVR'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image and Video Retrieval
A search-engine concept based on multi-feature vectors and spatial relationship
FQAS'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems
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In this paper, an important aspect in creating a symbolic image database (SID), useful for exact match retrieval is addressed. The problem in conventional pairwise spatial relationships (particularly the 9DLT matrix) based approach for representing symbolic images in SID is discussed. An efficient method specifically for exact match retrieval, invariant to image transformations is proposed. In order to take care of image transformations, a new concept called direction of reference is introduced. The relative spatial relationships existing among the components present in an image are perceived with respect to the direction of reference and preserved by a set of triples. The proposed method is based upon principal component analysis (PCA). The first principal component vector (PCV) of the set of triples corresponding to an image is computed and stored as the representative of that image. The PCVs corresponding to n images to be archived in the SID are stored in a sorted order. A methodology for exact match retrieval is also presented in this paper. The presented retrieval algorithm takes O(log n) search time in the worst case, with the help of the binary search technique, where n is the number of symbolic images stored in the SID.