From English to logic: context-free computation of “conventional” logical translations
Readings in natural language processing
Determining the Scope of English Quantifiers
Determining the Scope of English Quantifiers
An efficient easily adaptable system for interpreting natural language queries
Computational Linguistics
An improper treatment of quantification in ordinary English
ACL '83 Proceedings of the 21st annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A hybrid system for quantifier scoping
COLING '92 Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 3
A hybrid system for quantifier scoping
COLING '92 Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 3
Quantifier scope disambiguation using extracted pragmatic knowledge: preliminary results
EMNLP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Volume 3 - Volume 3
Unrestricted quantifier scope disambiguation
TextGraphs-6 Proceedings of TextGraphs-6: Graph-based Methods for Natural Language Processing
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This paper describes a program for handling "scope ambiguities" in individual English sentences. The program operates on initial logical translations, generated by a parser/translator, in which "unscoped elements" such as quantifiers, coordinators and negation are left in place to be extracted and positioned by the scoping program. The program produces the set of valid scoped readings, omitting logically redundant readings, and places the readings in an approximate order of preference using a set of domain-independent heuristics. The heuristics are based on information about the lexical type of each operator and on "structural relations" between pairs of operators. The need for such domain-independent heuristics is emphasized; in some cases they can be decisive and in general they will serve as a guide to the use of further heuristics based on domain-specific knowledge and on the context of discourse. The emphasis of this paper is on discussing several of the more problematic aspects of the scoping protocol which were encountered during the design of the scoping program.