Lookahead planning and latent learning in a classifier system
Proceedings of the first international conference on simulation of adaptive behavior on From animals to animats
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
Genetic micro programming of neural networks
Advances in genetic programming
To adaptive individuals in evolving populations
Adaptive individuals in evolving populations
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention & Problem Solving
Genetic Programming III: Darwinian Invention & Problem Solving
Evolutionary Robotics: The Biology,Intelligence,and Technology
Evolutionary Robotics: The Biology,Intelligence,and Technology
Reinforced Genetic Programming
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Evolving neural networks through augmenting topologies
Evolutionary Computation
A Taxonomy for artificial embryogeny
Artificial Life
Evolution, learning, and instinct: 100 years of the baldwin effect
Evolutionary Computation
Landscapes, learning costs, and genetic assimilation
Evolutionary Computation
Using learning to facilitate the evolution of features for recognizing visual concepts
Evolutionary Computation
Empirical investigation of the benefits of partial lamarckianism
Evolutionary Computation
Forming neural networks through efficient and adaptive coevolution
Evolutionary Computation
The influence of learning on evolution: A mathematical framework
Artificial Life
The baldwin effect in developing neural networks
Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Imitation tendencies of local search schemes in baldwinian evolution
Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
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Baldwin's classic hypothesis states that behavioral plasticity can speed evolution by (a) smoothing the fitness landscape and (b) indirect genetic assimilation of acquired characteristics. This latter phase demands a strong correlation between genotype and phenotype space. But the natural world shows signs of this correlation at only a very coarse level, since the intervening developmental process greatly complicates the mapping from genetics to physiology and ethology. Hence, development appears to preclude a strong Baldwin effect. However, by adding a simple developmental mechanism to Hinton and Nowlan's classic model of the Baldwin effect, and by allowing evolution to determine the proper balance between direct and indirect mapping of genome to phenotype, this research reveals several different effects of development on the Baldwin effect, some promoting and others inhibiting. Perhaps the most interesting result is an evolved cooperation between direct blueprints and indirect developmental recipes in searching for unstructured and partially structured target patterns in large, needle-in-the-haystack fitness landscapes.