Affective computing
Wizard of Oz studies—why and how
Readings in intelligent user interfaces
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
The Psychology of the Internet
The Psychology of the Internet
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Affective computer systems which recognize human emotions or use emotion in their displays have potential to enhance human-computer interaction (HCI). Wizard-of-Oz (WOZ) methods and experimental design have enabled recording, analysis and comparison of emotional interaction of participants with an apparently 'emotional' machine and a standard 'non-emotional' version. Early results suggest participants use subtle emotional displays during HCI, for example through posture, body movement, sounds and facial expression. Further analysis will confirm if they show more emotion when they believe the system recognises their emotions, or when the system varies its behaviour in response to their emotional expression. This will contribute to HCI knowledge of affective computing by emphasizing the user's perspective, demonstrating the usefulness of WOZ techniques, and raising questions about future directions of affective computing.