Communications of the ACM
Flow diagrams, turing machines and languages with only two formation rules
Communications of the ACM
The scope of variable concept: the key to structured programming?
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
Flowchart techniques for structured programming
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
Reading beside the lines: Using indentation to rank revisions by complexity
Science of Computer Programming
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Program traces are historical records of some phase of a program's activity. The program listing of a structured program can be indented to show the structure and flow of control. The printed output lines of the flow trace of a structured program can be indented to the level indicated by the indentation of the program listing. By adding this information to the trace output, considerably more information about the program's flow of control is available after execution. More options should be available because it is a structured program that is being traced. Storage traces and subroutine traces also fit into the indentation pattern of the flow trace. The indentation scheme possible because it is a structured program not only shows the control flow better but also gives a better picture of how variables are used and changed.