Genetic algorithms in time-dependent environments
Theoretical aspects of evolutionary computing
Complexity - Complex Adaptive systems: Part I
Experiments in digital evolution
Artificial Life
Towards an analysis of dynamic environments
GECCO '05 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Conservation of information in search: measuring the cost of success
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
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We study the response of populations of digital organisms that adapt to a time-varying (periodic) fitness landscape of two oscillating peaks. We corroborate in general predictions from quasi-species theory in dynamic landscapes, such as adaptation to the average fitness landscape at small periods (high frequency) and quasistatic adaptation at large periods (low frequency). We also observe adaptive phase shifts (time lags between a change in the fitness landscape and an adaptive change in the population) that indicate a low-pass filter effect, in agreement with existing theory. Finally, we witness long-term adaptation to fluctuating environments not anticipated in previous theoretical work.