IPv4 address allocation and the BGP routing table evolution
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
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ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
On the scalability of BGP: the roles of topology growth and update rate-limiting
CoNEXT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM CoNEXT Conference
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ICQT '09 Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Internet Charging and Qos Technologies: Network Economics for Next Generation Networks
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Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Understanding incentives for prefix aggregation in BGP
Proceedings of the 2009 workshop on Re-architecting the internet
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Proceedings of the 5th international student workshop on Emerging networking experiments and technologies
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ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
On the aggregatability of router forwarding tables
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
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MILCOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Military communications
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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications - Special issue title on scaling the internet routing system: an interim report
On the scalability of BGP: the role of topology growth
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications - Special issue title on scaling the internet routing system: an interim report
An Internet without the Internet protocol
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Telecommunications Policy
Address-based route reflection
Proceedings of the Seventh COnference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies
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AINTEC '11 Proceedings of the 7th Asian Internet Engineering Conference
A self-organizing routing scheme for random networks
NETWORKING'05 Proceedings of the 4th IFIP-TC6 international conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; Mobile and Wireless Communication Systems
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TMA'12 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Traffic Monitoring and Analysis
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The sizes of the BGP routing tables have increased by an order of magnitude over the last six years. This dramatic growth of the routing table can decrease the packet forwarding speed and demand more router memory space. In this paper, we explore the extent that various factors contribute to the routing table size and characterize the growth of each contribution. We begin with measurement study using routing tables of Oregon Route Views server to determine the contributions of multi-homing, load balancing, address fragmentation, and failure to aggregate to routing table size. We find that the contribution of address fragmentation is the greatest and is three times that of multi-homing or load balancing. The contribution of failure to aggregate is the least. Although multi-homing and load balancing contribute less to routing table size than address fragmentation does, we observe that the contribution of multi-homing and that of load balancing grow faster than the routing table does and that the load balancing has surpassed multihoming becoming the fastest growing contributor. Moreover, we find that both load balancing and multi-homing contribute to routing table growth by introducing more prefixes of length greater than 17 but less than 25, which is the fastest growing class of prefixes. Next, we compare the growth of the routing table to the expanding of IP addresses that can be routed and conclude that the growth of routable IP addresses is much slower than that of routing table size. Last, we demonstrate that our findings based on the view derived from the Oregon server are accurate through evaluation using additional 15 routing tables collected from different locations in the Internet.