Database system concepts
International Journal of Computer Vision
Periodicity, Directionality, and Randomness: Wold Features for Image Modeling and Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Photobook: content-based manipulation of image databases
International Journal of Computer Vision
Shape measures for content based image retrieval: a comparison
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Proceedings of the 20th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Spatial Color Indexing and Applications
International Journal of Computer Vision
Content-Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Efficient Matching and Indexing of Graph Models in Content-Based Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Graph Algorithms and Computer Vision
Visually Searching the Web for Content
IEEE MultiMedia
Efficient Color Histogram Indexing for Quadratic Form Distance Functions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
ImageRover: A Content-Based Image Browser for the World Wide Web
CAIVL '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Libraries (CBAIVL '97)
FOCUS: Searching for Multi-colored Objects in a Diverse Image Database
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
On representation and matching of multi-coloured objects
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
The Earth Mover's Distance under Transformation Sets
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
The Earth Mover''s Distance as a Metric for Image Retrieval
The Earth Mover''s Distance as a Metric for Image Retrieval
Finding color and shape patterns in images
Finding color and shape patterns in images
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
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We describe a new muli-phase, color-based image retrieval system (FOCUS) which is capable of identifying multi-colored query objects in an image in the presence of significant, interfering backgrounds. The query object may occur in arbitrary sizes, orientations, and locations in the database images. Scale and rotation invariant color features have been developed to describe an image, such that the matching process is fast even in the case of complex images. The first phase of processing matches the query object color with the color content of an image computed as the peaks in the color histogram of the image. The second phase matches the spatial relationships between color regions in the image with the query using a spatial proximity graph (SPG) structure designed for the purpose. Processing at coarse granularity is preferred over pixel-level processing to produce simpler graphs, which significantly reduces computation time during matching. The speed of the system and the small storage overhead make it suitable for use in large databases with online user interfaces. Test results with multi-colored query objects from man-made and natural domains show that FOCUS is quite effective in handling interfering backgrounds and large variations in scale. The experimental results on a database of diverse images highlights the capabilities of the system.