Human factors and folk models

Authors:
Sidney Dekker;Erik Hollnagel
Affiliations:
University of Linköping, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sweden;University of Linköping, Department of Computer and Information Science, Sweden
Venue:
Cognition, Technology and Work
Year:
2004

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Abstract

This paper presents a discussion of the susceptibility of human factors to the use of folk models. The case of automation-induced complacency is used as a guiding example to illustrate how folk models (1) substitute one label for another rather than decomposing a large construct into more measurable specifics; (2) are immune to falsification and so resist the most important scientific quality check; and (3) easily get overgeneralised to situations they were never meant to speak about. We then discuss the link between models and measurements, where the model constrains what can be measured by describing what is essential performance, and where the model’s parameters become the basis for specifying the measurements. We propose that one way forward for human factors is to de-emphasize the focus on inferred and uncertain states of the mind, and shift to characteristics of human performance instead.