An architecture for a multimedia teleconferencing system
SIGCOMM '86 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM conference on Communications architectures & protocols
Floor control for multimedia conferencing and collaboration
Multimedia Systems
Virtual meetings with desktop conferencing
IEEE Spectrum
Very large conferences on the Internet: the Internet multimedia conferencing architecture
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue on Internet telephony
A SIP-based conference control framework
NOSSDAV '02 Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Deployment issues for multi-user audio support in CVEs
VRST '02 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Comparison of Voice Activity Detection Algorithms for VoIP
ISCC '02 Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC'02)
A Scalable Distributed VoIP Conferencing Using SIP
ISCC '03 Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Computers and Communications
Automatic Addition and Deletion of Clients in VoIP Conferencing
ISCC '01 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications
An empirical comparison of copresent and technologically-mediated interaction based on communicative breakdown
Voice over Internet protocol and human-assisted e-commerce
IEEE Communications Magazine
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Real-time services have been supported by and large on circuit-switched networks. Recent trends favour services ported on packet-switched networks. For audio conferencing, we need to consider many issues -- scalability, quality of the conference application, floor control and load on the clients/servers -- to name a few. In this paper, we describe an audio service framework designed to provide a Virtual Conferencing Environment (VCE). The system is designed to accommodate a large number of end users speaking at the same time and spread across the Internet. The framework is based on Conference Servers [14], which facilitate the audio handling, while we exploit the SIP capabilities for signaling purposes. Client selection is based on a recent quantifier called "Loudness Number" that helps mimic a physical face-to-face conference. We deal with deployment issues of the proposed solution both in terms of scalability and interactivity, while explaining the techniques we use to reduce the traffic. We have implemented a Conference Server (CS) application on a campus-wide network at our Institute.