The Dexter hypertext reference model
Communications of the ACM
XML-based information mediation with MIX
SIGMOD '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Querying Heterogeneous Information Sources Using Source Descriptions
VLDB '96 Proceedings of the 22th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Superimposed Schematics: Introducing E-R Structure for In-Situ Information Selections
ER '02 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
DCMI '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications 2001
Putting integrated information in context: superimposing conceptual models with SPARCE
APCCM '04 Proceedings of the first Asian-Pacific conference on Conceptual modelling - Volume 31
MIX: a meta-data indexing system for XML
VLDB '05 Proceedings of the 31st international conference on Very large data bases
Principles of dataspace systems
Proceedings of the twenty-fifth ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems
Meta-data indexing for XPath location steps
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Document engineering
Explicitly representing superimposed information in a conceptual model
ER'06 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Conceptual Modeling
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In our research on superimposed information management, we have developed applications where information elements in the superimposed layer serve to annotate, comment, restructure, and combine selections from one or more existing documents in the base layer. Base documents tend to be unstructured or semi-structured (HTML pages, Excel spreadsheets, and so on) with marks delimiting selections. Selections in the base layer can be programmatically accessed via marks to retrieve content and context. The applications we have built to date allow creation of new marks and new superimposed elements (that use marks), but they have been browse-oriented and tend to expose the line between superimposed and base layers. Here, we present a new access capability, called bi-level queries, that allows an application or user to query over both layers as a whole. Bi-level queries provide an alternative style of data integration where only relevant portions of a base document are mediated (not the whole document) and the superimposed layer can add information not present in the base layer. We discuss our framework for superimposed information management, an initial implementation of a bi-level query system with an XML Query interface, and suggest mechanisms to improve scalability and performance.