The active badge location system
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Tracking requirements for augmented reality
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
The Cricket location-support system
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
The smart floor: a mechanism for natural user identification and tracking
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A Probabilistic Room Location Service for Wireless Networked Environments
UbiComp '01 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
WLAN Location Determination via Clustering and Probability Distributions
PERCOM '03 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
Wireless Geolocation Systems and Services
IEEE Communications Magazine
ARIADNE: a dynamic indoor signal map construction and localization system
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
SIMPLE: developing a LBS positioning solution
MUM '05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mobile and ubiquitous multimedia
LuxTrace: indoor positioning using building illumination
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
WHLocator: hybrid indoor positioning system
Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Pervasive services
Seamless indoor/outdoor positioning with streamspin
Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking, and Services
A taxonomy for radio location fingerprinting
LoCA'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Location-and context-awareness
Dynamic indoor localization using wireless ethernet: the ARIADNE system
WWIC'06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Wired/Wireless Internet Communications
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With the wide spread growth of mobile computing devices and local area wireless networks, wireless network providers have started to target the users with value-added services based on the users' location information. Thus, location awareness and user tracking in indoor wireless networks has become an increasingly important issue. To address the issue, we have developed LOCATOR, a radio frequency based system for location estimation of users in indoor wireless networks. Our system works by building a radio map of the network site, which involves taking signal strength samples at various points in the wireless network, and then using this radio map, the system estimates the user's current location from the value of his current observed signal strength. Although the use of an RF-based technique for location estimation is not new, but LOCATOR is unique in the way it builds and manages the radio map to process location queries. Moreover, in addition to using ideas of probability to model the problem, we have devised a multi-level clustering based algorithm that work in conjunction with an interpolation scheme for a more efficient and accurate location estimation. We have tested our system on 802.11b wireless network testbeds and have been able to achieve an accuracy of location estimation to within 4 feet of the actual user location with 90% probabilit.