Belief revision in a changing world

  • Authors:
  • Robert Koons;Nicholas Asher

  • Affiliations:
  • The University of Texas, Austin;The University of Texas, Austin

  • Venue:
  • TARK '94 Proceedings of the 5th conference on Theoretical aspects of reasoning about knowledge
  • Year:
  • 1994

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Abstract

Several authors (Keller and Winslett 1985, Winslett 1988, Katsuno and Mendelzon 1989, Morreau and Rott 1991) have recently argued for a distinction in the way beliefs are updated with new information. They distinguish between information that tells the agent that the world has changed over time and information that fills in or corrects the agent's picture of the world at a particular time. We provide an explicit representation of this distinction by means of a modal logic that combines epistemic and dynamic features. Furthermore, we develop a completely declarative semantics for belief revision. This semantics enables us to deduce the result of revising a given body of beliefs in the light of new information, given simply the semantic content of the prior beliefs and of the new data. No purely procedural assumptions about the agent's epistemic policies or values (no information about priorities of defaults or degrees of entrenchment) are needed, beyond what is explicitly represented in the objects of the agent's beliefs. We accomplish this by distinguishing hard (incorrigible, unrevisable) belief and soft belief; further, the soft attitudes supervene on the hard level. We use a specific theory of nonmonotonic inference to generate soft attitudes from hard ones. This last point is especially important in attempting to deal with belief change, because when an agent acquires new beliefs there is the question: what beliefs about the world persist? We think that only a nonmonotonic logic can adequately deal with this question in a sufficiently rich framework for belief revision like the one we propose.