The complexity of reasoning about knowledge and time
STOC '86 Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
The Interrogator: Protocol Secuity Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special issue on computer security and privacy
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Efficient and timely mutual authentication
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Timestamps in key distribution protocols
Communications of the ACM
Using encryption for authentication in large networks of computers
Communications of the ACM
An axiomatic basis for computer programming
Communications of the ACM
STOC '82 Proceedings of the fourteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Knowledge and common knowledge in a distributed environment
PODC '84 Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
The Logic of Authentication Protocols
FOSAD '00 Revised versions of lectures given during the IFIP WG 1.7 International School on Foundations of Security Analysis and Design on Foundations of Security Analysis and Design: Tutorial Lectures
On BAN logic and hash functions or: how an unjustified inference rule causes problems
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
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Questions of belief and action are essential in the analysis of protocols for the authentication of principals in distributed computing systems. In this paper we motivate, set out, and exemplify a logic specifically designed for this analysis; we show how protocols differ subtly with respect to the required initial assumptions of the participants and their final beliefs. Our formalism has enabled us to isolate and express these differences in a way that was not previously possible, and it has drawn attention to features of the protocols of which we were previously unaware. The reasoning about particular protocols has been mechanically verfied. This paper starts with an informal account of the problem, goes on to explain the formalism to be used, and gives examples of its application to real protocols from the literature. The final sections deal with a formal semantics of the logic and conclusions.